JERRY WALLS: A GREAT MAN AND TEACHER, PHILOSOPHER AND FRIEND

Image Courtesy Capturing Christianity

It was July of 1989, and there I sat in my first class at Asbury Theological Seminary. I had actually gone to Wilmore, KY to start school the month before, but didn’t last long in the summer Greek course. Having dropped out of that class, I decided to go with something more familiar and take the Christian philosophy course on offer starting in July. I majored in philosophy as an undergrad, so I figured I’d have an easier time finding my footing. Little did I know, sitting there that day, that the teacher who was about to walk into the class would change my life. He had started teaching at Asbury just two years before; his teaching career was young, as was he. I was 23 that July day, and he was barely 34. That fellow was Jerry Walls.

            I had studied philosophy at Michigan, and then felt like I should assuage my guilty conscience and augment my studies with some theology at seminary. Since all my college philosophy professors had been decidedly secular, my interests in philosophy and theology seemed destined to diverge. All of that changed in the first five minutes of Dr. Walls’s class. That bearded young professor almost immediately enabled me to see how my dual tastes and disparate intellectual interests actually converged quite naturally. Faith and reason, philosophy and theology, the head and heart, rigor and creativity dovetailed and resonated altogether. The world-colliding moment felt epiphanous to me. I instantly fell in love with this charismatic, erudite philosopher brimming with energy and intelligence. And little did I know but our story was just beginning.

            Over the next nearly forty years, Jerry would have an incalculable influence not just on me, but on countless students—at Asbury, at Notre Dame, and then at Houston Christian. For the past five years, at long last, I achieved a long-held dream to be his colleague—and to boot, to share a weekly dinner and movie (usually with the Gagnon).[1] With the end of this term, Jerry, now 70, is closing out his career. This short reflection is my effort to mark the momentous occasion by sharing some anecdotes, by reviewing some of his life story, and discussing some of his prodigious philosophical accomplishments. As his former student, longtime friend, co-author, and now colleague, I am privileged to spend a few moments sharing about the man, his life, and career.

            When I first got to know Jerry at Asbury in the late eighties and early nineties, he was in his element. It really was a sight to behold. He was wildly popular; students flocked to his classes. He was a fixture: everyone had their Walls stories to recount. Jer’s delightful idiosyncrasies made Walls impressions ubiquitous on campus—always done with nothing but fondness. If there was a spiritual retreat, Jerry was the preferred choice for the invited speaker; if a prof was going to be invited to give a presentation in a dorm, Jerry was the man. Jerry and Asbury were synonymous in my mind; even now I have a hard time thinking of one without the other. It’s fitting that later this month he’ll be moving back to Wilmore. It was never the same without him. His departure from the place resulted in the near-complete loss of my incentive to visit my alma mater.

            Jerry was always “Dr. Walls” to me until, one day, we were playing tennis together, a doubles match featuring Jerry and me against two fellow seminarians. Jerry kept trash talking them mercilessly, as is his wont. I called him “Dr. Walls” at one point, and he replied, “We’re on the tennis court. Call me Jerry.” And Jerry it’s been from then until now. Speaking of tennis, as a quick aside, in Jerry’s mind he was (and is) an incredible player (and equally so as a ping pong and billiards player). Suffice it to say that his penchant for revisionist history has few rivals. Let’s just leave it there.

            Jerry was, though, a philosopher and teacher extraordinaire. Only eternity will tell of his tremendous influence. Seeing this guy operate on all thrusters—leading a discussion, trashing Duke, getting animated, navigating complex ideas, being moved by the problem of evil, challenging students to their best—was sheer joy. I had many great teachers at Asbury, but none exerted a bigger influence on me than he.

            I well recall so many occasions going up to his office on the fourth floor of the central administration building and looking through the opaque glass on his office door. If he was there, and he usually was, his desk light would be shining, and he was hard at work. In addition to touting himself as the most ecumenical person he knows, he also didn’t hesitate, with his signature understatement, to dub himself the hardest-working man in Wilmore (or of whatever city he’s in). Of course, he also claims to be the humblest person he knows.

            That first class with Jerry was a game changer, and I ended up taking him for several more classes in the MDiv program. I knew very early on that he and I had business to do together, although I could hardly have imagined how much. By the end of seminary, after thinking and praying hard about what course of study to pursue for my doctorate—a little torn between church history, systematic theology, and philosophy—I finally concluded it was to be philosophy. But Jerry was one guy I couldn’t muster the guts to tell in person. I held him in such high esteem and on such a pedestal it seemed wholly presumptuous to admit to him that I wanted to pursue philosophy. I couldn’t bring myself to tell him before I graduated.

            Seminary graduation came, and my parents attended from Michigan. That graduation was one year before I’d lose my dad to cancer. I made sure that he and Jerry got to meet. My mom would get to know Jerry well in the years to come, and they loved each other. The two of them together were nothing but mischief personified. I don’t think I told Jerry on graduation day how much he had meant to me; I probably didn’t fully realize it at the time. So Jer, I’m telling you now. You changed my life, and I thank God for you. You taught me to be unapologetic exploring the profound implications of God’s unspeakable love. After graduation, I drove back to Michigan, and a few weeks later I wrote a letter. I enclosed a self-addressed stamped envelope in case Jerry wanted to write me back. In the letter, I ever so gingerly broached the topic and told Jerry, with tepid tentativeness, that I thought I might like to get a PhD in philosophy. It still felt egregiously presumptuous, but I was tremendously relieved to receive a letter back within days conveying Jerry’s enthusiasm at the idea—along with a curt reminder that he had access to envelopes and stamps of his own. That affirmation, coming from him, meant the world to me.

            I had gotten to know Jerry very well during my three years in Kentucky. I actually house sat for him one summer, and, while doing that, I perused a family picture album on the coffee table. He and his young family were vacationing somewhere—maybe Myrtle Beach, where they often went—and I felt like Clarence in It’s a Wonderful Life (which is one of Jer’s and my favorite movies, and one we’ve had occasion to watch together several times here in Texas). I had a chance, owing to that album, to see Jerry grow up from a little boy. One of six kids, born in Knockemstiff, Ohio, a blue-collar town in Ohio that shaped his sensibilities, Jerry was a teenage preaching prodigy. By the time he was eighteen, he had preached dozens of times. When he went to college, he at first figured he’d be a country preacher who’d write the occasional book. He wasn’t wholly wrong, but God had additional plans for him.

            He married young. He and his wife had two beautiful children—Angela and Jonathan. His intellectual proclivities led him to Princeton for his MDiv, to Yale for a Masters in Sacred Theology—then did do some pastoring—and finally to Notre Dame for his doctorate. There he wrote his dissertation on the doctrine of damnation under the tutelage of the legendary Tom Morris. He was a Wesley Fellow and, after Notre Dame, found himself in the bluegrass of Kentucky, soon to become an iconic part of Asbury Seminary. His third year was my first. So I was with him near the start of his career, and I’m with him now near its end all these years later.

            Our relationship has evolved quite a bit. First he was my teacher, then my friend, always a mentor, eventually a co-author, and finally a colleague. His leaving HCU, admittedly, reduced by probably at least half my motivation to remain. He’s retiring; Marybeth and I are planning to move to Missouri for law school. He will be returning to Kentucky, which is fitting, and he’ll live just a few houses down from his son. I think his years in Texas were difficult in several ways. HCU blessed him, and vice versa; but truth be told, he hated being so far from his family, and neither of us is a fan of the frenetic traffic or blazing heat of the place. Returning to Kentucky and living near family again will be good for his soul, and I’m glad for him.

            Having written on hell in his dissertation, he would eventually publish that work with Notre Dame. Later he would write a book on heaven and, after that, purgatory, publishing those books with OUP. That trilogy in eschatology was and remains a significant achievement and major contribution to the discussion, and if that’s all he’d done with publishing in his career, it would have been impressive enough. But he was just getting started. He published a book of his poems (he’s an award-winning poet); he critiqued Calvinism, compatibilism, and Roman Catholicism; he co-edited a major collection of essays inspired by Alvin Plantinga’s reflections on natural theology; he single-handedly edited the mammoth Oxford Handbook of Eschatology. Very early, while still in graduate school, he wrote The Problem with Pluralism, an adroit analysis about the United Methodist church and its efforts to forge its theological identity, the denomination in which he had been ordained. He co-edited a major work on C. S. Lewis and Francis Schaeffer, and more besides.

            When I was his student, I had to write a paper on the Euthyphro Dilemma, which, unbeknownst to me at the time, put me on a forty-year trajectory. After I got my doctorate, I knew that he was the guy I wanted help from to turn it into a book, which initiated a remarkable decades-long ongoing conversation. Our writing collaboration eventually resulted in no less than six books. The first was Good God. Thanks to Jerry, we procured a contract with Oxford University Press. I remember when I was still in Lynchburg, VA and got the e-mail on my phone from OUP with the good news. I parked, wept, and called Jerry. A moment I’ll never forget. (Another enduring memory was our getting root beers at the Eagle & Child at Oxford as we did last-minute preparation for a paper we were co-delivering there—my first ever professional presentation.) Later came God and Cosmos; The Moral Argument; The Good, the Right, and the Real, the cover proofs of which we approved just this morning. It was neat to wrap up the tetralogy here in person before his retirement. With Jeremy Neill, we also co-edited Venus and Virtue; and with Gary Habermas, we co-edited (three editions of) C. S. Lewis as Philosopher. Bar none and by far, my collaboration with Jerry has been the most important professional collaboration of mine to date, and it’s been a source of great satisfaction and personal fulfillment. I’m always so greatly pleased to see my name associated with his.

            Just recently, Jerry and I visited Galveston to celebrate his seventieth birthday. Having watched him grow up (in that picture album), having seen him operate with seemingly unbridled energy as a young man in his prime, having marveled to see how he could hold a crowd in the palm of his hand, having seen him engage in a lifetime of faithful service and tremendous productivity, having seen him wield a considerable influence on a generation of pastors and theologians and philosophers, I listened in rapt attention as he waxed eloquent about the passage of time, the brevity of life, how quickly it all goes, what it was all about. We called our mutual friend Robert Gagnon while we were at Fisherman’s Wharf—for the last several years Rob would always be with us for these annual birthday jaunts to Galveston—and afterwards we drove over to the Gulf (that Jerry and I might be inclined to call by different names). We parked there and watched the waves come in, and reflected, retrospected, and reminisced some more. When I mentioned that it might be our last trip to Galveston, he resisted the idea; his penchant for nostalgia was definitely rearing its head, a trait I know Jonathan inherited.

            Soon our paths, having crossed in significant ways in this world, will diverge, but just for a season. God has more to do with Jerry in this world. I look forward to seeing what Jerry’s new adventures in retirement will be. A force of nature, he’s altogether too ebullient and buoyant a spirit not to do more great things, including, no doubt, building precious memories with his grandchildren.

            I couldn’t have possibly known that July of 1989 how significant a divine appointment awaited me. And I was just one of thousands into whose life Jerry poured his inimitable and irrepressible energy. His retirement is worth marking, eminently so. Let all the host of heaven say, “Here lived a great Christian philosopher who did his job well.” Well done, my friend. I love you, mon frere; God speed. And thank you.

           

           

 

           

 


[1] When I shared this piece with the Gagnon ahead of time, he couldn’t resist the urge to chime in. With his characteristic erudition and garrulousness, here’s a portion of what he wrote:

“Admittedly,” your mention of our Friday night get-togethers had some serious omissions. There is no mention, for example, of how I was forced to endure Dumb and Dumber and Kill Bill, and various other films that seriously strained my cinematic sensibilities. Nor is there any mention of how Jerry would repeatedly commit verbal violence upon me, egged on by your provocations, typically introduced by “If I hear what you are saying, Jerry, and I think I do....” Our good-natured banter was first-rate, and the laughter mixed in with thoughtful exchange and mutual love, now forming part of what Lincoln in his First Inaugural called “the mystic chords of memory,” will be a point of gratitude in our hearts before God, indelibly imprinted, as we go forth from our collective Houston experience.

 

Moral Apologetics and Living Sacramentally

Although I have stepped down from The Worldview Bulletin, it remains close to my heart and I continue to wish my friends and colleagues associated with it all and only the best. This morning in church some ideas came to me in a fresh way, and with the WB’s permission, I thought I’d pass them along. It pertains to apologetics, but this time in a way that focuses on the benefits that can accrue for the believer, not just the unbeliever.

In my spiritual pilgrimage over the last few years, I’ve largely left the culture warrior aspects of my faith behind. I know some continue to wear that mantle proudly, and power to them if that’s what they feel called to do. But my predilections of late have been moving in different directions. One of those directions is to take with greater seriousness the sacramental life, and to do so as a Protestant. There’s much to say here, but the way I plan to delimit this short conversation to something manageable and practicable is to point out some resonances between moral apologetics, which has been my main area of focus for decades, and the sacramental life.

The moral argument for God, as I like to lay it out, involves five components: issues of the good, issues of the right, moral knowledge, and the two dimensions of Kantian moral faith. Allow me to say a few words about each component and how each one has rich insights about and resources for spiritual growth and maturation.

The Good

I think that we as Christians have excellent reason to think not just that God is good, but that he is the Good itself. The highest archetype or exemplar of the Good. This makes Good personal to the core. So to contemplate the Good is an exercise in contemplating God; the Bible is replete with encouragements for us to do this very thing.

A specific value I also enjoy discussing when giving the moral argument is the infinite value of human persons, creatures made in God’s image whose value is derived from that ontological connection. To see the sacredness of others because they have been made in God’s image strikes me as an exercise in sacramentalism. Recall Lewis’s lines about how we’ve never met an ordinary human. Austin Farrer wrote about seeing God in our neighbor and our neighbor in God. The Bible says that when we do something for the least of those among us, we’ve done it for Christ. Cultivating the eyes with which to see the sacredness and infinite value of our neighbor is part and parcel of learning to love our neighbors as ourselves, adjacent to the most important command of all.

The Right

Issues of moral rightness have more to do with the deontic matter of moral obligations than with the axiological matter of goodness, although of course the good and the right are organically tied together. But as Christians we have to take our moral duties seriously. This is not to suggest that doing our duty only has value if we do our duty for duty’s sake; I think Kant was quite wrong to suggest as much. No, as we get closer to God, discharging our duties should increasingly be seen as a joy and privilege. Duties are but the anteroom in the great cathedral or castle of morality; its upper reaches go well beyond our duties; as George Mavrodes once suggested, eventually talk of rights and duties will be left far behind, replaced with talk of gift and sacrifice.

But duties are often the first step. As C. S. Lewis once put it, the road to Jordan runs past Sinai. Time and again the structure of Paul’s New Testament letters first involves indicatives—what God’s done for us—followed by imperatives: what we are to do by way of response to God’s overtures of love and grace. Obedience gives us the chance to grow more closely conformed to Christ, who, the Bible says, himself “learned obedience through suffering.” Our obedience and a biblical response to the invariable sufferings of this life are inextricably connected.

Moral Knowledge

Knowledge is usually thought to involve truth, belief, and justification. Truth pertains to how things are in reality, not the false stories we may tell ourselves, however consoling they may be. Orual in Till We Have Faces kept repeating the same narrative about her life, depriving her of authenticity, of the truth that could liberate her. She couldn’t see the face of God until she was willing to face the truth. This is true of us all. It’s the truth that sets us free, but facing the truth isn’t easy, and we can find all sorts of excuses to avoid it.

Belief is more than what we truthfully assent to. It’s best found in what our actions are. That’s the real indication of our deep-down beliefs, manifested in our dispositions and behavior. What broken beliefs we have deeply embedded within us may well reside in areas of our deepest hurt, where those beliefs, even at an unconscious level, provide some measure of solace, but they may hurt us more than help us. On reflection we’d readily say such beliefs are false, yet they can have a tenacity of their own. Becoming aware of such beliefs, as manifested in our actions, doesn’t solve the problem, but can help us to know how better to pray for God’s deep healing of that brokenness that perhaps nobody else knows anything about.

Justification in this context is less about the biblical idea of justification, and more to do with the issue of evidence. Knowledge typically requires evidence, and contra the idea of many, our Christian lives have plenty of it. The Bible time and again calls on God’s people to look at the evidence of God’s reality and faithfulness; for each of us, God’s track record of faithfulness should be longer by the day. Be intentional to review the evidence, to rehearse the ways God’s shown up and demonstrated his provision and the sufficiency of his grace time and again. Make every occasion of taking communion an exercise in such intentional remembrance.

Kantian Moral Faith

Kantian moral faith involves two things: the grace of God to accomplish in our lives what we can’t do on our own, and the way that happiness and holiness ultimately go together. Regarding the first point, God’s grace answers to three deep existential moral needs we all have: first, to be forgiven; second, to be transformed; and third, to be perfected (posthumously). All three have rich significance for spiritual disciplines. That we can be forgiven means we’re not defined by our worst moments; God forgives and drops those sins into the sea of forgetfulness. And liberates us in the process to forgive others and ourselves. God offers us deliverance from both guilt and shame.

The prospect of being changed, becoming new persons, our hearts of stone being replaced with hearts of flesh, is truly good news. That God offers grace sufficient for us not just to be delivered from our sins, but from sin itself, is about the most hopeful prospect of all. We are all of us sinful creatures, but that’s just a contingent part of our identity; an essential part is our having been made in God’s image. God wants to make us what he intended us fully to be.

Our hope to see this happen will not disappoint. God’s promised to finish the good work he’s begun within us at the day of Christ Jesus. The dream to be perfected—every last vestige of sin being removed—isn’t a pipe dream, but an inevitability, freeing us up to anticipate the glory to come that will make all of this life’s sufferings pale into insignificance by comparison. Defeating, not just counterbalancing, the most hideous of evils imaginable.

Which relates to the second dimension of Kantian moral faith: the ultimate airtight correspondence between happiness and holiness. As my friend and former colleague Chris Kugler recently posted on Facebook, “In the Christian faith, it is simply assumed that our deepest joy is found in our closest likeness to Christ—in other words, that the pursuit of holiness is the pursuit of happiness.” Not only does this resolve what Sidgwick called the dualism of practical reason, making morality ultimately a fully rational enterprise, in a practical way it should hearten every believer, bolstering our resolve to trust God with all of our being, knowing that as we do he will grant us the desires of our heart.

— David Baggett is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for the Foundations of Ethics at Houston Christian University. He is the author or editor of about sixteen books, most recently A Personal God and a Good World: The Coherence of the Christian Moral Vision, coauthored with Ronnie P. Campbell Jr.